Parameters Relevant for Modelling the Potential Development of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips typographus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

A model that contributes to assessing the risk of bark beetle mass outbreaks was established. By means of modelling air and cambial temperature for any location, an investigation area is evaluated with respect to its thermal conditions for the development of Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Besides topo-climatic relations of a study area, modelling the potentials of bark beetle development implies profound information on eco-physiology. Thermal requirements for development, type of voltinism, and spring swarming behaviour of two examined beetle populations are discussed in terms of the definition of input parameters for modelling.     

Modeling the effects of forest harvesting on landscape structure and the spatial distribution of cowbird brood parasitism

Timber harvesting affects both composition and structure of the landscape and has important consequences for organisms using forest habitats. A timber harvest allocation model was constructed that allows the input of specific rules to allocate forest stands for clearcutting to generate landscape patterns reflecting the look and feel of managed landscapes. Various harvest strategies were simulated on four 237 km² study areas in Indiana, USA. For each study area, the model was applied to simulate 80 years of management activity. The resulting landscape spatial patterns were quantified using a suite of landscape pattern metrics and plotted as a function of mean harvest size and total area of forest harvested per decade to produce response surfaces. When the mean clearcut size was 1 ha, the area of forest interior remaining on the landscape was dramatically reduced and the amount of forest edge on the landscape increased dramatically. The potential consequences of the patterns produced by the model were assessed for a generalized neotropical migrant forest bird using a GIS model that generates maps showing the spatial distribution of the relative vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds. The model incorporates the location and relative quality of cowbird feeding sites, and the relation between parasitism rates and distance of forest from edge. The response surface relating mean harvest size and total area harvested to the mean value of vulnerability to cowbird brood parasitism had a shape similar to the response surfaces showing forest edge. The results of our study suggest that it is more difficult to maintain large contiguous blocks of undisturbed forest interior when harvests are small and dispersed, especially when producing high timber volumes is a management goal. The application of the cowbird model to landscapes managed under different strategies could help managers in deciding where harvest activity will produce the least negative impact on breeding forest birds.     

毛竹笋芽和竹笋生长规律

经过7年的试验研究,掌握了毛竹笋芽和竹笋生长的一些自然规律,对发展生产具有重要意义。     

中华蜜蜂幼虫信息素鉴定

 【目的】分析鉴定中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)幼虫是否含有与西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）幼虫相同的幼虫利它素和信息素及其在不同日龄阶段幼虫的分布情况。【方法】以中华蜜蜂为试验材料,取2日龄、6日龄（即将封盖）和7日龄（封盖后）的工蜂幼虫及2日龄、7日龄（即将封盖）和8日龄（封盖后）的雄蜂幼虫,经过正己烷浸泡碾碎,取上清液并进行层析过柱分离,应用气相色谱来研究中华蜜蜂幼虫利它素和信息素。【结果】本研究首次发现中华蜜蜂幼虫信息素含有甲基棕榈酸酯（MP）、甲基油酸酯(（MO）、甲基硬脂酸酯（MS）、甲基亚油酸酯（ML）、甲基亚麻酸酯（MN）、乙基棕榈酸酯（EP）、乙基油酸酯（EO）、乙基硬脂酸酯（ES）、乙基亚油酸酯（EL）和乙基亚麻酸酯（EN）。【结论】中华蜜蜂幼虫含有与西方蜜蜂幼虫相同的幼虫利它素和10种脂肪类信息素,但这两种蜜蜂信息素的含量及在不同日龄幼虫分布规律不同。     

海湾扇贝亲贝、幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯耐受性的研究

为确定二氧化氯对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)亲贝、幼虫和稚贝的安全用量范围,本实验研究海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对不同浓度二氧化氯的耐受性。按照亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝的先后顺序进行4个独立实验,每实验设6个不同的二氧化氯浓度,每浓度设三个重复,每实验持续时间为24 h,分别在12 h和24 h测定二氧化氯对亲贝和幼虫死亡率的影响。结果表明,海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯均具有较强的耐受性,其安全浓度分别为20 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和10 mg/L。     

Can predicted mountain pine beetle net production be used to improve stand prioritization for management?

Stand-level planning of lodgepole pine management can benefit from the use of mountain pine beetle susceptibility-risk model analyses to assign treatment priority. Priority is currently assigned based solely on relative levels of expected volume loss in the event of a mountain pine beetle outbreak. We evaluated the possibility to predict the relative contribution of brood beetles, by infested stands, to the next beetle generation. Existing data were used to develop generalized parameters for inclusion in predictive models of stand-level mortality and brood production. Model output for independent stands achieved a highly significant relationship with measured outcomes of brood productivity, indicating that relative levels of brood production can be predicted and incorporated into decision-models.     

白腹锦鸡人工养殖与育雏技术

通过对白腹锦鸡长期的驯化饲养和研究,系统的介绍了其人工养殖与孵化、育雏配套技术。     

角倍种倍的采收及秋迁蚜收集技术初探

角倍种倍的采收及秋迁蚜收集技术初探＊彭兴民关键词角倍、种倍、秋迁蚜、收集近年来，角倍生产技术研究取得了很大进展［１～３］，生产面积扩大，种倍需要量剧增。人工收集秋迁蚜的量多，技术要求较高。种倍采收和秋迁蚜收集技术必须跟上为提高种倍利用率的要求，笔者在...     

河口区凡纳对虾亲虾培育及其生长和蜕皮

首次在上海河口地区成功进行了凡纳对虾的亲虾培育和育苗，并重点研究了凡纳对虾亲虾的生长和蜕皮规律，通过一套自行设计的水循环系统来培育亲虾，盐度为9－12的自然海水加盐度为100－120的浓缩海水调配至盐度28－30。200余尾亲虾（雌：雄为1：1）经过近两个月的培育，成活率达90％左右，暂养12d后，切除雌虾单侧眼柄促使亲虾成熟，手术后3d，即可观察到雌虾卵巢开始发育，7d后开始产卵，但未受精，30d后，雌，雄虾出现追尾，交配现象，得到受精卵并孵化出无节幼体，试验结果表明，利用河口区低盐海水兑配高盐浓缩海水在水循环系统中培育亲虾，最终生产出健康的苗种是完全可行的，切除眼柄前亲虾完成一个蜕皮周期需要14－15d，手术后，卵巢开始发育，蜕皮周期延长到20d左右，凡纳对虾亲虾在整个实验期间一直维持生长，切眼柄前雌虾的平均日生长率为0．25mm，较切眼柄后的0．17mm快，雄虾的平均日生长趋势与雌虾相似，前期为0．20mm,后期为0．15mm，文中还讨论了有关切除眼柄后亲虾生长减慢，蜕皮周期延长的原因。